Biochemistry

The Chemistry of Life

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that happen inside living organisms. Everything that happens in your body — from digestion to thought — is ultimately a chemical process.

Macromolecules

There are four major classes of biological macromolecules:

Proteins

Proteins are made of chains of amino acids. They act as enzymes (catalysing reactions), structural components (building muscles and tissues), transporters (carrying oxygen in the blood), and signalling molecules (hormones). There are 20 amino acids, 9 of which are essential (must come from diet). Plants contain all essential amino acids.

Carbohydrates

These are the body’s preferred source of energy. Simple carbohydrates (sugars) provide quick energy; complex carbohydrates (starches and fibre) provide sustained energy and feed gut bacteria. Whole plant foods offer the healthiest forms.

Lipids (Fats)

Essential for cell membranes, hormone production, and absorbing fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Unsaturated fats from plants (olive oil, avocados, nuts, seeds) are the healthiest choices.

Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA)

The blueprint of life. DNA stores genetic information, while RNA reads and executes the instructions. Understanding how these molecules work helps us understand both health and disease at a fundamental level.